These results show that direct contact mutualism results in significant but reversible microbiome shifts, raising questions about a potential microbial role in mediating the fish–anemone interaction.Īmir A, McDonald D, Navas-Molina JA, Kopylova E, Morton JT, Zech Xu Z, Kightley EP, Thompson LR, Hyde ER, Gonzalez A, Knight R (2017) Deblur Rapidly Resolves Single-Nucleotide Community Sequence Patterns. Bacterial sequence variants that significantly distinguished hosting from non-hosting clownfish were more abundant in the anemone microbiome and that of hosting fish, compared to non-hosting fish, suggesting transfer from or enrichment by the anemone. Upon separation of clownfish from anemones, the microbiome of post-hosting fish converged to resemble that of non-hosting fish. Microbiome composition differed significantly between hosting and non-hosting clownfish. We monitored the mucosal microbiome of the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii before, during and after association (hosting) with the anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. The effects of this mutualism on the skin mucosal microbiome of clownfish are unknown. Clownfish and anemones form a mutualistic relationship where external surfaces are in constant contact with one another. Host-associated microbes play important roles in animal health.
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